Correction: Apical periodontitis healing and postoperative pain following endodontic treatment with a reciprocating single-file, single-cone approach: A randomized controlled pragmatic clinical trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227347.].

Apical periodontitis healing and postoperative pain following endodontic treatment with a reciprocating single-file, single-cone approach: A randomized controlled pragmatic clinical trial.

This trial assessed post-operative pain and healing of apical periodontitis following endodontic therapy with a reciprocating system compared to a crown-down technique with hand files and lateral compaction filling. One-hundred and twenty nonvital anterior teeth with apical periodontitis were randomly treated using either a reciprocating single file followed by matching-taper single-cone filling or a hand file and lateral compaction filling. Postoperative pain was assessed during the 7 days after the treatment, using a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating scale. Apical healing was assessed using the periapical index score after a 12-month follow-up. The hypothesis tested was that both protocols were equivalent and present similar effectiveness in healing periapical lesions. Data were analyzed through two one-sided tests, t-tests, as well as Mann-Whitney and Chi-squared tests (α = 0.05). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association of clinical and demographic factors with the success of treatment. Regardless of the assessment time, no difference in incidence (38%-43% at first 24h), intensity of postoperative pain, and incidence of flare-up (≈ 3%) was observed between the two endodontic protocols. Both protocols resulted in a similar healing rate of apical periodontitis. After 12 months, the success rate ranged from 73% to 78% and the difference between the treatments fell within the pre-established equivalence margin (-0.1; -0.41 to 0.2). Endodontic treatment combining a reciprocating single file with matching-taper single cone showed similar clinical effectiveness to the treatment using hand-file instrumentation and the lateral compaction filling.

Is obesity associated with tooth loss due to caries? A Cross-sectional study

Aim: To investigate the association between obesity, overweight, and tooth loss due to caries among university students of (Federal University of Pelotas) in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study with all first-year students who regularly enrolled in the first semester of 2016 who were invited to respond to a self-administered questionnaire contain socioeconomic and demographic; psychosocial; oral health; behavioral questions. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated through the self-reported data of weight and height. The main outcome of the present study was determined by the person's that answer having had at least one tooth extracted due to caries. A Poisson regression using a backward stepwise procedure was performed. Two models were tested: i) including socioeconomic and behavioral variables; ii) without behavioral variables. Results: From 3,237 eligible students, 2,089 (64.5%) participated in the present study. Almost 23% of students presented overweight and 8.4% obesity, whereas 362 individuals (17.5%) reported having had at least one tooth extracted due to caries. Regarding the final model adjusted by behavioral variables, it was observed that obese university students presented a 32.0% higher prevalence of tooth loss (PR=0.32,CI95%[1.17­1.49]). However, overweight was not associated with tooth loss in the present sample. When the model was not associated with behavioral variables, overweight was associated with tooth loss (PR=1.44; CI95%[1.15­1.81]), just as obesity (PR=2.13; CI95%[1.63 ­ 2.78]). Conclusions: Obesity and overweight were associated with tooth loss due to caries in the present sample of university students

Gênero e Odontologia: Um relato de experiência / Gender and Dentistry: a clinical case report

Objetivo: a literatura tem apontado para uma pequena sensibilização e capacitação dos profissionais de saúde ao acolher e atender a população LGBT. O presente estudo objetivou relatar um caso clínico de uma usuária trans e discutir aspectos importantes sobre o atendimento e o acolhimento de transexuais e travestis. Relato de caso: a usuária, nome social de "A", 25 anos de idade, sexo biológico masculino e gênero feminino foi encaminhada da Unidade Básica de Saúde com queixas estéticas e cálculo supra/subgengival. A usuária chegou ao atendimento já apresentando sinais claros de desconforto e reclusão. Ao observar tal estado foi indagado à usuária, no início da entrevista dialogada, se ela teria outro nome em que gostaria de ser identificada. Então, prontamente a paciente identificou seu nome social. A partir daquele momento, J.F.C.P., passou a ser "A" durante todo o atendimento, bem como seu direito lhe assegura. Em seguida, a usuária já demonstrou estar mais confortável e receptiva a conversa da entrevista dialogada, fortalecendo o vínculo com a estudante. Ainda durante a entrevista, a usuária demonstrou ter dúvidas em relação a alguns de seus direitos enquanto mulher trans, como por exemplo, o uso do nome social no cartão do SUS. Considerações Finais: o profissional de saúde tem como principal papel no acolhimento de transexuais e travestis a criação de um vínculo isento de preconceitos. Assim, é dever do profissional atualizar-se em relação a questões de gênero e sexualidade a fim de prevenir situações e propagações de preconceito, discriminação e violência.(AU)

Objective: The literature has indicated a low level of awareness and training of health professionals in welcoming and serving the LGBT population. The present study aimed to report a clinical case of a trans user and discuss important aspects about the care and reception of transsexuals and transvestites. Case report: The user, with a social name of "A", 25 years old, male biological sex and female gender, was referred from the Basic Health Unit with aesthetic complaints and supra/subgingival calculus. The user arrived at the service already presenting clear signs of discomfort and seclusion. Considering such a state, the user was asked at the beginning of the dialog interview whether she had another name in which she would like to be identified. Then, the patient promptly identified her social name. From that moment, J.F.C.P. became "A" throughout the service, as assured by her rights. After this, the user was already more comfortable and receptive to the conversation in the interview, strengthening the bond with the student. During the interview, the user also expressed doubts about some of her rights as a trans woman, such as the use of the social name on her public health system card. Final considerations: The main role of health professionals in the reception of transsexuals and transvestites is to create a bond free of prejudices. Thus, professionals have a duty to be updated on issues of gender and sexuality to prevent situations and propagations of prejudice, discrimination, and violence.(AU)

School and individual-level correlates of physical activity in children: a multilevel approach / Determinantes individuais e do contexto escolar na atividade física de crianças: um estudo multinível

This study aimed to assess the association between individual and school environment variables and physical activity levels in Brazilian schoolchildren with 8-12 years of age. A sample of children from 20 private and public schools (n=1,210) was selected. Total and leisure-time physical activities and active transportation to school (AT) were measured using a self-report instrument. Total and leisure-time physical inactivity (PI) were defined as <300min/week of Physical activity. Physical and social school environment features were assessed through a questionnaire. The prevalence of PI, leisure-time PI, and AT to school were 69.2%, 75.8% and 70.5%, respectively. Multilevel models showed that PI was more frequent among girls, and was negatively associated with older age and higher maternal schooling. Girls were more inactive during leisure-time. For contextual variables, greater Physical Education teacher/student ratio was associated with lower levels of both total and leisure-time PI. AT was negatively associated with higher income and positively associated with older age. Students from public schools use more AT. Based on the prevalence of PI found, strategies focused at increasing physical activity levels should be implemented immediately. Also, our findings suggest that both individual and school contextual variables were associated with levels of PI, varying between domains.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a associação entre variáveis individuais e do contexto escolar com os níveis de atividade física em escolares de 8 a 12 anos de idade. Uma amostra de crianças de 20 escolas públicas e privadas (n=1210) foi selecionada. Os níveis de atividade física total e no lazer e o transporte ativo para a escola foram mensurados por meio de um instrumento validado. Crianças foram consideradas inativas quando realizavam <300min/semana de atividade física. O ambiente social e físico escolar foi avaliado através de questionário. As prevalências de Inatividade Física (IF), IF no lazer e transporte ativo foram de 69,2%, 75,8% e 70,5%, respectivamente. Modelos de análise multinível mostraram que a IF total esteve associada ao sexo feminino e negativamente associada com o aumento da idade e a maior escolaridade materna. As meninas também foram mais inativas no lazer. Das variáveis contextuais, o aumento da razão Professor de Educação Física/aluno foi associado a menores níveis de IF total e de lazer. O transporte ativo à escola esteve negativamente associado com a maior renda e aumentou com o aumento da idade e em alunos de escolas públicas. Com base nos resultados, estratégias focadas no aumento dos níveis de atividade física entre as crianças devem ser implementadas imediatamente. Ainda, nossos achados sugerem que tanto variáveis individuais como contextuais estão associadas com os níveis de inatividade física, variando entre seus domínios.

Correlation between surface roughness and microhardness of experimental composites with varying filler concentration.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the surface roughness on the surface microhardness of experimental composites with varying filler concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental resin composites were formulated by mixing Bis-GMA and TEGDMA in a 50/50% weight ratio and CQ/EDAB were added to make the material photosensitive. Silanized glass particles were incorporated in the resin blend in two concentrations: C50 with 50% and C75 with 75% in weight ratio. The surface roughness and the surface microhardness measurements were determined after every three finishing procedures with #280-, #600- and #1200-grit wet sandpapers, respectively. The data were analyzed statistically by Two Way ANOVA and Tukey's test, and comparisons were conducted using the Spearman's correlation test (p > 0.05). RESULTS: The surface roughness and surface microhardness were negatively associated (r = - 0.68) and the finishing procedures of both composites resulted in harder and smoother surfaces than the initial ones. Additionally, in a smooth circumstance, the higher content of fillers has not resulted in a composite with better microhardness and smoothness. CONCLUSION: Finishing procedures decreased the surface roughness and consequently improved the surface microhardness of the composites evaluated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Finishing and polishing procedures are effectives in reducing the surface roughness amplitude of composite materials and in improving their surface microhardness. Thus a microhardness test and any hardness evaluation must be conducted only after a properly finished and polished surface is achieved.